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We present a comprehensive review of research conducted in our laboratory in pursuit of the long-term goal of reproducing the structures and reactivity of carboxylate-bridged diiron centers used in biology to activate dioxygen for the conversion of hydrocarbons to alcohols and related products. This article describes the evolution of strategies devised to achieve these goals and illustrates the challenges in getting there. Particular emphasis is placed on controlling the geometry and coordination environment of the diiron core, preventing formation of polynuclear iron clusters, maintaining the structural integrity of model complexes during reactions with dioxygen, and tuning the ligand framework to stabilize desired oxygenated diiron species. Studies of the various model systems have improved our understanding of the electronic and physical characteristics of carboxylate-bridged diiron units and their reactivity toward molecular oxygen and organic moieties. The principles and lessons that have emerged from these investigations will guide future efforts to develop more sophisticated diiron protein model complexes.

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1,102-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
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A series of novel phthalazinone-based copolymers with intrinsic microporosity (PHPIMs) was successfully prepared by an aromatic double nucleophilic polycondensation reaction of a designed and synthesized, new rigid and twisty monomer,tetrahydroxyl-phthalazinone (TPHPZ), with 5,5?,6,6?-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,10-spirobisindane (TTSBI) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTPN). These copolymers showed excellent solubility in common organic solvents, and were employed to prepared membranes. The gas transportation properties of the resultant membranes were also investigated. The thermal analysis, GPC characterization and 77?K nitrogen adsorption results indicated that all the copolymers exhibited excellent thermal stability, high molecular weight, and high BET surface areas ranging from 693 to 812?m2/g. The gas separation performance of the polymer membranes demonstrated that the ideal selectivity (alpha) of H2/N2, O2/N2, CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 gas pairs of the obtained PHPIMs exhibited an effective improvement, surpassing the 2008 Robeson plot for the gas pair CO2/CH4 and approaching the 2008 Robeson upper bound for gas pairs of H2/N2 and O2/N2, while accompanying with the decrease of the permeability for the increase of the polymer chain stiffness and the physical aging behaviors.

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Abstract The electronic structures and photophysical properties of six isomeric Ir(III) complexes with different N-heterocyclic naphthyridine ligands were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approach. The radiative transition rates (kr) were determined through calculated the spin-orbital coupling (SOC) matrix elements TmHSOCSn and the energy levels (ESn and ETm). The non-radiative transition rates (knr) were estimated through analysis of the structural distortions, the d-orbital splittings and the energy differences between the S0 and T1 states DeltaE(T1 – S0). As the results, the ESn, the ETm and the energy splittings DeltaES1-Tm and DeltaETm-Tm-1 can be regulated by the position of two nitrogen atoms in naphthyridine ring for studied complexes. Moreover, Ir(III) complex inclusive of quinoxaline heterocyclic ring presents large kr and knr, so its phosphorescence quantum efficiency is difficult up to be 100%. While two Ir(III) complexes bound to quinazoline heterocyclic ring show weakly emissive because of large knr. Notably, the presence of the cinnoline heterocyclic ring in the Ir(III) complex makes singlet-triplet intersystem (ISC) rate and kr fast but knr slow, then leads to its high phosphorescence quantum efficiency.

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1,187-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
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Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is a cell surface protein linked to G-protein dependent and independent intracellular signaling pathways that produce a wide range of physiological responses, including those related to metabolism, inflammation, pain, and cancer. Certain proteases, peptides, and nonpeptides are known to potently activate PAR2. However, no effective potent PAR2 antagonists have been reported yet despite their anticipated therapeutic potential. This study investigates antagonism of key PAR2-dependent signaling properties and functions by the imidazopyridazine compound I-191 (4-(8-(tert-butyl)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-2-carbonyl)-3,3-dimethylpiperazin-2-one) in cancer cells. At nanomolar concentrations, I-191 inhibited PAR2 binding of and activation by structurally distinct PAR2 agonists (trypsin, peptide, nonpeptide) in a concentration-dependent manner in cells of the human colon adenocarcinoma grade II cell line (HT29). I-191 potently attenuated multiple PAR2-mediated intracellular signaling pathways leading to Ca21 release, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, Ras homologue gene family, member A (RhoA) activation, and inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation. The mechanism of action of I-191 was investigated using binding and calcium mobilization studies in HT29 cells where I-191 was shown to be noncompetitive and a negative allosteric modulator of the agonist 2f-LIGRL-NH2. The compound alone did not activate these PAR2-mediated pathways, even at high micromolar concentrations, indicating no bias in these signaling properties. I-191 also potently inhibited PAR2-mediated downstream functional responses, including expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and cell apoptosis and migration, in human colon adenocarcinoma grade II cell line (HT29) and human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231). These findings indicate that I-191 is a potent PAR2 antagonist that inhibits multiple PAR2-induced signaling pathways and functional responses. I-191 may be a valuable tool for characterizing PAR2 functions in cancer and in other cellular, physiological, and disease settings.

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1,437-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
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Stepwise changes of functional oxo and amino groups in 1,8-naphthyridines to modify the supramolecular architecture have been carried out. The first example of a naphthyridine helix has been found and its structure established by X-ray crystallography. The design is based on hydroxy and amido tautomeric naphthyridines which crystallize in dimers or catemers, one of them attaining helicity. The most stable tautomer present in all the compounds discussed in this paper, as well as the formation of hydrogen-bonded dimers or catemers, was established by X-ray crystallography and rationalized with theoretical calculations.

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Human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA stabilization has emerged as an exciting novel approach for anticancer drug development. In the present study, we have designed and synthesized three C2-symmetric bisubstituted bisbenzimidazole naphthalenediimide (NDI) ligands, ALI-C3, BBZ-ARO, and BBZ-AROCH2, which stabilize human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA with high affinity. Herein, we have studied the binding affinities and thermodynamic contributions of each of these molecules with G-quadruplex DNA and compared the same to those of the parent NDI analogue, BMSG-SH-3. Results of fluorescence resonance energy transfer and surface plasmon resonance demonstrate that these ligands have a higher affinity for G4-DNA over duplex DNA and induce the formation of a G-quadruplex. The binding equilibrium constants obtained from the microcalorimetry studies of BBZ-ARO, ALI-C3, and BBZ-AROCH2 were 8.47, 6.35, and 3.41 muM, respectively, with h-telo 22-mer quadruplex. These showed 10 and 100 times lower binding affinity with h-telo 12-mer and duplex DNA quadruplexes, respectively. Analysis of the thermodynamic parameters obtained from the microcalorimetry study suggests that interactions were most favorable for BBZ-ARO among all of the synthesized compounds. The DeltaGfree obtained from molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area calculations of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies suggest that BBZ-ARO interacted strongly with G4-DNA. MD simulation results showed the highest hydrogen bond occupancy and van der Waals interactions were between the side chains of BBZ-ARO and the DNA grooves. A significant inhibition of telomerase activity (IC50 = 4.56 muM) and induced apoptosis in cancer cell lines by BBZ-ARO suggest that this molecule has the potential to be developed as an anticancer agent.

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1,262-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
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The self-assembly into supramolecular polymers is a process driven by reversible non-covalent interactions between monomers, and gives access to materials applications incorporating mechanical, biological, optical or electronic functionalities. Compared to the achievements in precision polymer synthesis via living and controlled covalent polymerization processes, supramolecular chemists have only just learned how to developed strategies that allow similar control over polymer length, (co)monomer sequence and morphology (random, alternating or blocked ordering). This highlight article discusses the unique opportunities that arise when coassembling multicomponent supramolecular polymers, and focusses on four strategies in order to control the polymer architecture, size, stability and its stimuli-responsive properties: (1) end-capping of supramolecular polymers, (2) biomimetic templated polymerization, (3) controlled selectivity and reactivity in supramolecular copolymerization, and (4) living supramolecular polymerization. In contrast to the traditional focus on equilibrium systems, our emphasis is also on the manipulation of self-assembly kinetics of synthetic supramolecular systems.

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The FTIR (4000-400cm-1) and the FT-Raman spectra (4000-50cm-1) of 4-Hydroxy-7-methyl-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid are recorded and investigated. The spectra are interpreted using anharmonic frequency computations by VPT2, VSCF and PT2-VSCF methods within DFT/6-311G(d,p) framework. The root mean square (RMS) values indicate that VSCF computed frequencies are in close agreement with the observed frequencies. The combination and overtone bands are also identified in the FTIR spectrum. The intermolecular O-H?O hydrogen bonding interactions are discussed in the dimer structure of the molecule. The magnitudes of the coupling between pair of modes are also computed. The electronic spectra in water and ethanol solvents are analyzed using TD-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and HOMO-LUMO analysis are also performed.

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1,62-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
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The proteasome plays a crucial role in degradation of normal proteins that happen to be constitutively or inducibly unstable, and in this capacity it plays a regulatory role. Additionally, it degrades abnormal/damaged/mutant/misfolded proteins, which serves a quality-control function. Inhibitors of the proteasome have been validated in the treatment of multiple myeloma, with several FDA-approved therapeutics. Rpn11 is a Zn2+-dependent metalloisopeptidase that hydrolyzes ubiquitin from tagged proteins that are trafficked to the proteasome for degradation. A fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) approach was utilized to identify fragments with activity against Rpn11. Screening of a library of metal-binding pharmacophores (MBPs) revealed that 8-thioquinoline (8TQ, IC50 value ?2.5 muM) displayed strong inhibition of Rpn11. Further synthetic elaboration of 8TQ yielded a small molecule compound (35, IC50 value ?400 nM) that is a potent and selective inhibitor of Rpn11 that blocks proliferation of tumor cells in culture.

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1,399-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
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The X-ray crystal structure of N-(7-([2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino)-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridin-3- yl)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzamide, a potential anticancer agent targeting Hsp90, was established. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with cell parameters a = 9.3554(4)A, b = 11.4450(5)A, c = 11.5629(4)A, alpha = 87.140(2), beta = 78.8070(19), gamma = 69.2119(19), V = 1135.21(8)A3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure was refined to final values of R1 = 0.0492 and wR2 = 0.1386. An X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that each molecule features intermolecular N-H¡¤¡¤¡¤N hydrogen bonds to form dimers.

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1,125-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
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